Travelling to Europe is always an eye-opener. Whether you're there to shop for the best branded deals or to explore the Alps, European countries offer a wealth of experiences for those seeking adventure. With their age-old architecture, rich culture, and long history, these countries are safe for people of all ages to explore and learn.
If you're a history enthusiast with an interest in culture or past wars, Europe is a must-visit destination, and these are the places you have to see. In fact, some of these locations have evoked powerful emotions in visitors, such as grief or regret, which tap into deep human feelings and connections. Read on to discover these 9 must-visit, eye-opening history museums in Europe.
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Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau
Country: Poland
If you've read about World War II, you’re likely familiar with the cruelty of the concentration camps used by the German Nazis. Auschwitz-Birkenau is one of the largest concentration camps and extermination centers from that time. With its harsh living conditions and the inhumane experiments conducted on innocent people, countless lives were lost there. Now converted into a memorial and museum, it offers visitors a chance to witness firsthand the terrible conditions that existed. Many have said it is worse than they imagined, and the feeling of grief overwhelms them as soon as they enter. It is beyond what human nature can fathom, yet this place is important because it serves as a reminder that we must not let history repeat itself in such a cruel form. The museum displays real items, such as shoes and hair, from those who were imprisoned in the camp. This place is not for the faint of heart, and while we encourage you to visit, please do so only if you feel comfortable.
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The Paris Catacombs
Country: France
The history of the catacombs in Paris, France, dates back to the late eighteenth century. During this time, major public health issues led to a high number of deaths. As cemeteries became overcrowded and space for burying the dead grew scarce, evacuating cemeteries became necessary. To address this problem, bones that had been decaying for decades were transported to a new location at night to avoid hostile reactions from the Parisians. Thus, the catacombs were created, and they have fascinated many ever since. Today, they remain open to the public.
Anne Frank House
Country: Netherlands
Anne Frank was a young girl who endured the horrors of World War II, and her famous diary documented her everyday life, including insights into her feelings, fears, and dreams. Her detailed entries brought history to life before her unfortunate passing at the age of 15. At the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, you can visit the house where she and her family hid for over two years during the war. Now converted into a museum, the rooms are meticulously preserved in their original state, allowing visitors to get a glimpse into the daily life of Anne's family and the others who sought refuge with them.
Museum of the Macedonian Struggle
Country: North Macedonia
Photo credit: Museum of the Macedonian Struggle website
If you're travelling to Greece and have some extra time to visit North Macedonia, this museum is worth a stop. Packed with exciting activities and exhibitions, it provides insight into the Macedonian Struggle for Independence and what daily life was like for Macedonians during the battles in the Swamp of Giannitsa. You'll find Greek armoury on display, learn how attacks were carried out in classrooms, and discover the real struggles faced by the people in the city. In fact, the history displayed here mirrors events from more recent wars, offering a powerful glimpse into how a country's independence is truly worth fighting for.
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Topography of Terror
Country: Germany
As everyone knows, the rise of the Nazis came from Germany, and Berlin is a city rich in history when it comes to the Second World War. The Topography of Terror is an exhibition that showcases the horrors of the Third Reich. The Third Reich marked the rise of the Nazis in an attempt to establish the German empire. During this period, numerous crimes were committed across Europe, and the exhibition mainly features historical photos, along with introductions and short quotes about people's lives during that time.
The exhibition is divided into five chapters:
- The National-Socialist Seizure of Power
- Institutions of Terror (SS and Police)
- Terror, Persecution, and Mass Murder in the Reich
- The SS and the Reich Security Main Office in the Occupied Territories
- The End of the War and the Post-War Period
This museum offers a glimpse into what life was like during that time and the horrors faced by citizens. It’s an eye-opener for anyone interested in war history and the era of Hitler.
Museum of the Second World War
Country: Poland
Photo credit: Museum of the Second World War website
It is a sad truth that Poland was one of the countries most heavily invaded during World War II as Germany sought to expand its empire. During the Holocaust, this was a dark period for the Polish, with one of the largest concentration camps and execution centers established on their land. Beyond these atrocities, the impact of the war on Poland shaped world history. Today, Poland has created a museum to showcase their experience through three narrative blocks: 'The Road to War,' 'The Terror of War,' and 'The Long Shadow of War.' This museum is worth visiting, even if you're not a history enthusiast, as it serves as a powerful reminder of the lessons of history that we must ensure not to repeat.
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Acropolis Museum
Country: Greece
If you're interested in Greek mythology and the rich history of Greece, the Acropolis Museum is a must-visit when you're in Athens. This archaeological museum uncovers thousands of years of Greek sculptures. See ancient sculptures of gods like Athena and Zeus, as well as demi-gods, and gain insight into why the Greeks believed in these myths. You'll also find ancient artifacts such as basin lids, oil lamps, pan-shaped utensils, and more, all showcasing ancient Greek designs. This museum should definitely be on your itinerary if you're visiting Greece.
The Vasa Museum
Country: Stockholm
Photo credit: The Vasa Museum on Instagram
Stockholm, one of the three popular Scandinavian capitals, is known for its Viking history, where they raided, traded, and explored. However, over the years, much of the culture and artistry of Viking boats has been lost, with only some remnants remaining in museums like the Vasa Museum. Inside this museum, you can see a life-sized Viking ship called the Vasa. Created to be the most powerful warship in the Baltic at the time, this ship now tells the story of the sailors’ roles and functions aboard. The design of the ship also holds significant meaning in battle, and although many of these designs have faded with time, you can still catch a glimpse of some of the intricate carvings.
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The Army Museum
Country: France
The Army Museum, also known as the Musée de l'Armée, is located inside the Hôtel National des Invalides, where you can explore the rich history of France and even visit the tomb of Napoleon! Napoleon is a significant figure in French history due to his leadership as a general during the military campaigns of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. In this huge place that houses the Army Museum, you can view equipment and artillery that retrace over 200 years of history in the courtyard. Inside the museum, you'll find one of the most exceptional collections of military history in Europe. This place is worth a visit to see the ancient armoury and learn why certain weapons were designed as they were. It’s truly an eye-opener for many, especially if you're interested in military history.
Europe is undoubtedly a continent worth visiting, with many countries rich in history and culture that, to this day, are difficult to fully uncover. The purpose of visiting history museums is not just to mourn or admire the past but to learn from the mistakes and growth of each generation. In today's world, with advancements in technology and the rapid spread of knowledge, we can no longer sit back and allow history to repeat itself, causing further harm to society and the world. So, if you're visiting any country in Europe, be sure to visit a historical museum for some downtime and discover the stories that are waiting to be told.
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